M. Zarei; M. Merikhi; M.J. Saharkhiz
Abstract
Simultaneous application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic matter affects the growth and yield of plants. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Funneliformis mosseae fungus, Licorice pulp and their simultaneous application on the morphological and physiological characteristics ...
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Simultaneous application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic matter affects the growth and yield of plants. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Funneliformis mosseae fungus, Licorice pulp and their simultaneous application on the morphological and physiological characteristics of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement in three replications was used. Factors were included 1) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, (Funneliformis mosseae and control), 2) four levels of Licorice (0, 5, 10 and 20% (v/v)). Inoculation of pot marigold roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus significantly increased plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll and flavonoid content, root colonization, and N, P and K uptake of plant. Application of 5 and 10% v/v of Licorice pulp increased plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, flavonoid content, and N, P and K uptake of plant. Flavonoid content increased up to 10% v/v of Licorice pulp application. All measured traits except chlorophyll content, root colonization and flavonoid content significantly decreased at the maximum level of Licorice pulp application (20% v/v). Effect of fungus on all measured traits except flavonoid content was higher than Licorice pulp application. A synergistic effect was observed in co-application treatments of Licorice pulp and Funneliformis mosseae. The positive effects of fungus were higher in 10 and 20% v/v levels of Licorice pulp application for measured parameters.
H. Delavar; M.J. Saharkhiz; N. Kazerani
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to determine the essential oil composition and allopathic properties of anghuzeh (Ferula assa-foetida L.) medicinal plant. The experiment was completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with two factors and three replications. The factors were six concentrations ...
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This investigation was conducted to determine the essential oil composition and allopathic properties of anghuzeh (Ferula assa-foetida L.) medicinal plant. The experiment was completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with two factors and three replications. The factors were six concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm of the essential oil and five plant species including three weed species, Sinapis arvensis, Acroptilo repens, and Cardaria draba as well as two crops i.e. Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. The essential oil used in this study was extracted by hydro-distillation from the latex of the plant. The obtained oil was analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).To assess the allopathic effects of the oil on the studied species, a number of growth parameters such as seed germination, radical and plumule length as well as their dry and fresh weight, and abnormality percent of the seedlings were evaluated. The results of this investigation showed that the Anghuzeh essential oil had significant (p ≤ 0.05) allelopathic effect on the studied weeds and crops. The comparisons among the means indicated that the response of the species to the oil were quite different. For example, Triticum aestivum showed maximum germination percent in the presence of different oil concentrations. While, the germination of Hordeum vulgare, Acroptilon repens, and Cardaria draba showed more susceptibility to the oil. Moreover, the results of the essential oil analysis indicated that a total of 13 components were identified in the oil of which α-Pinene (21.3%), β- Pinene, (47.1%) and 1,2-Dithiolane (18.6%) were the major compounds. The observed allelopathic effects of the essential oil are regarded to oil components and their synergistic effects. The findings of this study are the first step to use of Anghuzeh essential oil as a natural herbicide. Further investigations are still required for practical and commercial application of this method.
